You almost certainly get enough in your diet without having to rely on cast-iron cookware. Is the iron that leaches out even particularly bioavailable? When we talk about iron in the diet we're really talking about iron as part a molecule, not just the raw element.
No, it doesn’t mess up your pan at all. We cook tomato sauces in our cast iron pan all the time and it’s totally fine. Besides, a new pan is like, $12.