I gave it a go in C (I wanted to do assembly but couldn't be arsed to write string to int and int to string conversions). [1] The trickiest part was figuring out how to terminate the program. My first attempt invoked nasal demons through dividing by zero, but I then realized I could intentionally cause a segfault with high probability (which is much better, right?). One could argue that my `fizz` and `buzz` variables are still "disguised booleans", but at least the generated assembly contains no branching or cmov instructions (aside from the ones inside libc functions like atoi and sprintf).

[1] https://gist.github.com/Andriamanitra/5c20f367dc4570dd5c8068...