> With Korean, it looks more jarring, as the input method is apparently very different, and seems to map the keys for unrelated latin letters to Hangul letters?
More or less, yes. Each Hangul character represents a syllable, and is composed of two or more components (jamo) representing individual phonemes (like vowels or consonants) which make up the syllable. The keys on a Korean keyboard are mapped to those jamo.
More specifically, since Korean syllables are of the form CV(C) where C is a consonant and V is a vowel, almost all Hangul keyboard layouts divide the entire keyboard into two or three sections (consonant-vowel or initial-medial-final). The standard KS X 5002 layout is the former, a "bipartite" method (두벌식), while I'm using one of the latter, "tripartite" methods (세벌식).
More or less, yes. Each Hangul character represents a syllable, and is composed of two or more components (jamo) representing individual phonemes (like vowels or consonants) which make up the syllable. The keys on a Korean keyboard are mapped to those jamo.
Further details: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language_and_computers